Nuclear spectroscopic measurements for materials and environmental control

In this thesis, it is intended to benefit from the potential uses of advanced nuclear spectroscopic measurements in both environmental control and non-destructive material testing . It is subdivided into three main chapters including, the introduction, the experimental and the results and related discussions.Chapter-1, the introduction includes in its first part, a number of definitions about toxicity hazards and related damaging effects to our environment, as well as those related to natural radioactivity in different environmental compartments and the different natural radioactive decay series. The second part of this chapter includes sufficient information about the effect of radiation exposure on human health, and the different exposure pathways of radioactive pollutants to man, through atmospheric dispersion, dispersion of radioactivity in liquid effluents, water resources and nutrition materials causing indirect exposure to man. This part also includes a preliminary approach of the major elements in different environmental surveillance programmes, assessment procedures and the different methods mostly used in monitoring radioactivity in food materials, and other environmental samples including water of various resources, different soil, analysis of milk as well as those used in emergency surveys which are mostly referred to when dealing with different types and levels of nuclear accidents