The physical effects in the gravitational field of black holes

A wide range of issues associated with the features of physical processes in the strong gravitational field of black holes are examined. The energy shift and complete structure of the physical fields for charged sources near a black hole are investigated. The density matrix and generating functional are calculated for the quantum effects in stationary black holes. The contributions of massless and massive fields to vacuum polarization in black holes are considered and the problem of the influence of quantum effects on the global structure of the black hole is discussed