Entrainment and pull-through phenomena at a tee junction

Results from a series of experiments investigating the phenomena of liquid entrainment and vapor pull-through at a tee junction between a horizontal pipe and a small branchline are presented. These experiments were performed under conditions of stratified steam-water flows at 3.4, 4.4, and 6.2 MPa in the mainline, and critical flow through a nozzle installed in the branchline. Two orientations of the branchline were investigated: horizontal and vertical downflow. Results from the experiments are discussed, and there are recommended correlations for predicting levels at which the onset of vapor pull-through and liquid entrainment occur, and for predicting flow quality into the branchline