Published May 2017
| Version v1
Journal article
Removing krypton from xenon by cryogenic distillation to the ppq level
Creators
- Aprile, E.1
- Anthony, M.1
- De Perio, P.1
- Gao, F.1
- Goetzke, L.W.1
- Greene, Z.1
- Messina, M.1
- Plante, G.1
- Rizzo, A.1
- Zhang, Y.1
- Aalbers, J.2
- Breur, P.A.2
- Brown, A.2
- Colijn, A.P.2
- Decowski, M.P.2
- Hogenbirk, E.2
- Tiseni, A.2
- Agostini, F.3, 4, 5, 6
- Alfonsi, M.7
- Geis, C.7
- Grignon, C.7
- Oberlack, U.7
- Scheibelhut, M.7
- Schindler, S.7
- Amaro, F.D.8
- Cardoso, J.M.R.8
- Lopes, J.A.M.8
- Orrigo, S.E.A.8
- Santos, J.M.F. dos8
- Silva, M.8
- Arneodo, F.9
- Benabderrahmane, M.L.9
- Di Giovanni, A.9
- Maris, I.9
- Barrow, P.10
- Baudis, L.10
- Franco, D.10
- Galloway, M.10
- Kessler, G.10
- Kish, A.10
- Mayani, D.10
- Pakarha, P.10
- Piastra, F.10
- Wei, Y.10
- Wulf, J.10
- Bauermeister, B.11, 7
- Berger, T.12
- Brown, E.12
- Piro, M.C.12
- Bruenner, S.13
- Cichon, D.13
- Eurin, G.13
- Hasterok, C.13
- Lindemann, S.13
- Lindner, M.13
- Undagoitia, T.M.13
- Pizzella, V.13
- Rauch, L.13
- Rupp, N.13
- Schreiner, J.13
- Simgen, H.13
- Bruno, G.5, 6
- Gallo Rosso, A.5, 6
- Molinario, A.5, 6
- Budnik, R.14
- Duchovni, E.14
- Itay, R.14
- Landsman, H.14
- Lellouch, D.14
- Levinson, L.14
- Manfredini, A.14
- Priel, N.14
- Buetikofer, L.15
- Coderre, D.15
- Kaminsky, B.15
- Schumann, M.15
- Sivers, M. v.15
- Calven, J.11
- Conrad, J.11
- Ferella, A.D.11
- Pelssers, B.11
- Cervantes, M.16
- Lang, R.F.16
- Masson, D.16
- Pienaar, J.16
- Reichard, S.16
- Reuter, C.16
- Cussonneau, J.P.17
- Diglio, S.17
- Le Calloch, M.17
- Masbou, J.17
- Micheneau, K.17
- Persiani, R.17
- Thers, D.17
- Di Gangi, P.3, 4
- Garbini, M.3, 4
- Massoli, F.V.3, 4
- Sartorelli, G.3, 4
- Selvi, M.3, 4
- Fei, J.18
- Ni, K.18
- Ye, J.18
- Fieguth, A.19
- Huhmann, C.19
- Murra, M.19
- Rosendahl, S.19
- Weinheimer, C.19
- Fulgione, W.20, 21, 22
- Grandi, L.23
- Saldanha, R.23
- Shockley, E.23
- Upole, N.23
- Lin, Q.24
- Meng, Y.25
- Stein, A.25
- Wang, H.25
- Miguez, B.20, 21
- Trinchero, G.20, 21
- Naganoma, J.26
- Shagin, P.26
- Lavina, L.S.27
- Tunnell, C.23, 2
- Cristescu, I.28
- XENON Collaboration
- 1. Columbia University, Physics Department, New York, NY (United States)
- 2. Nikhef and the University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam (Netherlands)
- 3. INFN-Bologna (Italy)
- 4. University of Bologna, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Bologna (Italy)
- 5. Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy)
- 6. INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy)
- 7. Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz, Institut fuer Physik and Exzellenzcluster PRISMA, Mainz (Germany)
- 8. University of Coimbra, Department of Physics, Coimbra (Portugal)
- 9. New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates)
- 10. Physik-Institut, University of Zurich, Zurich (Switzerland)
- 11. Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm (Sweden)
- 12. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Troy, NY (United States)
- 13. Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Heidelberg (Germany)
- 14. Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Rehovot (Israel)
- 15. Universitaet Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Freiburg (Germany)
- 16. Purdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Lafayette, IN (United States)
- 17. Universite de Nantes, SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS/In2p3, Nantes (France)
- 18. University of California, Department of Physics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- 19. Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Institut fuer Kernphysik, Muenster (Germany)
- 20. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino (Italy)
- 21. INFN-Torino (Italy)
- 22. INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso and Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila (Italy)
- 23. University of Chicago, Department of Physics and Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics, Chicago, IL (United States)
- 24. Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (Italy)
- 25. University of California, Physics and Astronomy Department, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
- 26. Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Houston, TX (United States)
- 27. LPNHE, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris (France)
- 28. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
Description
The XENON1T experiment aims for the direct detection of dark matter in a detector filled with 3.3 tons of liquid xenon. In order to achieve the desired sensitivity, the background induced by radioactive decays inside the detector has to be sufficiently low. One major contributor is the β-emitter 85Kr which is present in the xenon. For XENON1T a concentration of natural krypton in xenon natKr/Xe < 200 ppq (parts per quadrillion, 1 ppq = 10-15 mol/mol) is required. In this work, the design, construction and test of a novel cryogenic distillation column using the common McCabe-Thiele approach is described. The system demonstrated a krypton reduction factor of 6.4 . 105 with thermodynamic stability at process speeds above 3 kg/h. The resulting concentration of natKr/Xe < 26 ppq is the lowest ever achieved, almost one order of magnitude below the requirements for XENON1T and even sufficient for future dark matter experiments using liquid xenon, such as XENONnT and DARWIN. (orig.)
Availability note (English)
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4757-1Additional details
Identifiers
Publishing Information
- Journal Title
- European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields (Online)
- Journal Volume
- 77
- Journal Issue
- 5
- Journal Page Range
- p. 1-12
- ISSN
- 1434-6052
INIS
- Country of Publication
- Germany
- Country of Input or Organization
- Germany
- INIS RN
- 48070423
- Subject category
- S46: INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;
- Descriptors DEI
- BACKGROUND RADIATION; BETA-MINUS DECAY; COMMISSIONING; DISTILLATION; DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT; KRYPTON; KRYPTON 85; LIQUEFIED GASES; LIQUID PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS; LOW LEVEL COUNTERS; PERFORMANCE; REMOVAL; SENSITIVITY; STABILITY; TIME PROJECTION CHAMBERS; XENON
- Descriptors DEC
- BETA DECAY; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; DECAY; DRIFT CHAMBERS; ELEMENTS; EQUIPMENT; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI; FLUIDS; GASES; HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI; ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES; ISOTOPES; KRYPTON ISOTOPES; LIQUIDS; MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; MICROSECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; MULTIWIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBERS; NONMETALS; NUCLEAR DECAY; NUCLEI; PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS; RADIATION DETECTORS; RADIATIONS; RADIOISOTOPES; RARE GASES; SEPARATION PROCESSES; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
Optional Information
- Collaborations
- XENON Collaboration