Synthesis of Nano porous Amorphous Manganese Dioxide (MnO₂) via Sonochemical and Non-Sonochemical Processes

Nano-porous amorphous MnO₂ was synthesized using sonochemical (sonication) and non-sonochemical (hydrothermal) processes to a 0.1 M KMnO₄ solution with modified surface of silica and silica-alumina catalyst at room temperatures and 100 degree Celsius respectively. Nano-porous amorphous MnO₂ obtained was then characterized using infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and the spectrum shows the absorption of MnO₂ bonding. Structure of the product was later characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and morphology scanned using a scanning electron microscope-variable pressure (VP-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical behavior of MnO₂ was studied and it shows reversible of MnO₂ / Mn²⁺. (author)