Low Threshold Parametric Decay Backscattering Instability in Tokamak Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Experiments

The experimental conditions leading to substantial reduction of the backscattering decay instability threshold in electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments in toroidal devices are analyzed. It is shown that a drastic decrease of threshold is provided by the nonmonotonic behavior of plasma density in the vicinity of magnetic island and poloidal magnetic field inhomogeneity making possible localization of ion Bernstein decay waves. The corresponding ion Bernstein wave gain and the parametric decay instability pump power threshold is calculated.