Making evident and the analysis of correlations between light particles by means of multidetector INDRA

This thesis reports an light particle interferometric study carried out for the first time by means of an 4π detector. This enabled to extract the proton and deuteron emission time for correctly selected sources. These measurements are extremely worth in the study of hot nuclear matter, particularly for its decaying modes. In this way a clear image of the production chronology of light particles in the heavy ion collision is obtained. In addition, it was possible to make evident the production of fast unstable fragments associated to the decay through pre-equilibrium particles contributing to the very low relative momentum correlation function. This work is the result of a successful event: the association of the 4π INDRA multidetector to the analysis function of the light particle correlation. The real breakthrough achieved by this study was to demonstrate the possibility of full phase space exploration by building the light particle 4 π correlation. In the case of the Xe + Sn system at 45 MeV/u we were able to characterize the collision violence and and to isolate three sources of particle emission. Thus, it was possible to characterize the proton and deuterons emission time for the quasi-target as well as for the quasi-projectile. An important decrease in the characteristic deuteron emission time was observed according as the central collision was approached. Other important results were obtained concerning the proton-proton and proton-deuteron correlation functions as well as the presence of an independent particle dynamical emission of mid-rapidity quasi-targets and quasi- projectiles. Finally, the observation of correlation functions allowed to demonstrate structures at very low relative momentum which can not be understood by the final state interaction only. An explanation could be obtained by a theoretical code taking into account the reaction dynamics, the particle interaction in the final state and the decay of primary excited fragments