Early skin cancer detection sensor based on photonic band gap and graphene load at terahertz regime

Microwave, THz, and optical systems have been developed rapidly for biological detection and imaging in various applications such as skin cancer detection. In this paper, we have suggested special THz sensor based on split ring resonator to making a hot spot for electric field enhancement. In addition, we have utilized photonic band gap (PBG) structure to increase the electric field in the hot spot and we have revealed that this technique lead to enhance the maxima of the electric field more than 12% at the hot spot and the reflection coefficient (S₂₁) value from − 22 to − 35 dB. In other words, we have tried to detect the cancer tissue based on reflection method and related frequency shift. Therefore, the sensor is studied in the existance and absence of the sample where the frequency shift is noticed as a detection factor. At last, the graphene loads are added to the structure and the maxima of the electric field are increased up to 25.3% for 1.96 THz at the hot spot in contrast to basic structure with the reconfigurable characteristic. The parametric studies are noticed to realizing the distortion effect on resonances and electric field.