Indication of a Differential Freeze-Out in Proton-Proton and Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies

The experimental data from the RHIC and LHC experiments of invariant p_T spectra for most peripheral A+A and p+p collisions are analyzed with Tsallis distributions in different approaches. The information about the freeze-out surface in terms of freeze-out volume, temperature, chemical potential, and radial flow velocity for π⁺, K⁺, and p and their antiparticles is obtained. Furthermore, these parameters are studied as a function of the mass of the particles. A mass dependent differential freeze-out is observed which does not seem to distinguish between particles and their antiparticles. Furthermore, a mass-hierarchy in the radial flow is observed, meaning heavier particles suffer lower radial flow. Tsallis distribution function at finite chemical potential is used to study the mass dependence of chemical potential. The peripheral heavy-ion and proton-proton collisions at the same energies seem to be equivalent in terms of the extracted thermodynamic parameters.