Analysis for hydrogen by nuclear reaction and energy recoil detection

The use of MeV ion beams to measure hydrogen concentration profiles is reviewed. Both nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and energy recoil detection (ERD) methods are discussed. Details of experimental approaches used and the effects of these different approaches on the analytic characteristics obtained are considered. The use of Doppler spectroscopy in both NRA and ERD to study the bonding of hydrogen in solids is briefly reviewed. The different methods are compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages for certain analytic characteristics including accuracy, beam damage effects, sensitivity, and depth resolution. (orig.)