Fragmentation of simple nuclear excitations

The main ideas of the nucleus quasiparticle-phonon model (QPM) are presented, as well as its comparison with other models. Advantages of the above model are shown. Experimental data on fragmentation of deep hole and two-quasiparticle states in spheric nuclei are reviewed. Fragmentation of these states in the framework of QPM is described. Results of calculations are compared with experimental data. A condition with giant resonances is given. Fragmentation of collective states is considered using the example of giant dipole resonance in sUp(140,142)Ce and giant isoscalar quadrupole resonance in 208Pb. Fragmentation peculiarities of charge-exchange collectiVe states in spheric and deformed nuclei are discussed. It is shown that in the framework of QPM energy centroids and widths of giant resonances are well described in the framework of QPM. The interaction of quasiparticles with phonons is responsible for the fragmentation of single particle and collective states in atomic nuclei