Thermodynamic equilibrium of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone in different solvent systems

Highlights: • The solubility data of HDMF in different solvents were experimentally determined. • The dissolution thermodynamic properties of HDMF were calculated. • The experimental solubility data of HDMF were correlated by different models. - Abstract: Crystalline state 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone with high purity was prepared by recrystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to identify and characterize the samples. The solubility of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone samples in six pure solvents and one kind of binary solvent system from (283.15 to 318.15) K was determined by using a gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure. To extend the application range of the experimental solubility data, the modified Apelblat equation, the van't Hoff equation and the λh equation were used to correlate the experimental solubility in the pure solvents. For the correlation of binary solvent systems, the CNIBS/R-K model and Jouyban–Acree model were used instead. According to the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the λh equation was found to be better for pure solvent systems and the Jouyban–Acree model was confirmed to be better for binary solvent systems. In addition, the dissolution thermodynamic properties of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone were also calculated by the van't Hoff equation.