Chemical yield optimization of the benzene synthesis for radio-carbon dating

A benzene synthesis vacuum line for radiocarbon dating is described and studies to optimise conditions presented. The principal secondary reactions responsible for reduced yields in the various steps are described as well as methods for their control during the processing of critical samples. Yields consistently in excess of 95% are reported. The total procedure has been shortened for most archaeological samples by the substitution of a preliminary carbonization step for the usual combustion. (U.K.)