Multiplet structure in high-resolution and spin-resolved x-ray photoemission from gadolinium

Spin-resolved and high-energy-resolution x-ray-photoelectron spectra of the 3d, 4d, 4f, and 5p levels of ferromagnetic Gd are reported. The experimental spectra are compared with theoretical predictions for bulk Gd based on atomic multiplet calculations. The agreement is quite good when the Slater integrals are reduced to 75 endash 95% of their atomic Hartree-Fock values. It is found that the lifetime broadening of the Gd core states is not governed solely by the spin character of the core hole. Amazingly narrow lifetime widths on the order 0.25 endash 0.30 eV half-width at half maximum are found for the deeply bound Gd 3d features. The differences between the spectral structures of the 3d, 4d, and 5p core levels can be ascribed to the details of spin and orbital angular momentum coupling between the core and 4f shells. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society