Decarbonation, energy security and sobriety: how can France meet its targets by 2030? Key measures for large-scale deployment of 16 strategic technologies

To contribute to France 2030's twin objectives of innovation and industrialization, this summary document and the associated detailed fact sheets take stock of France's strengths and weaknesses in 16 selected technologies. The study also makes recommendations on strategic actions to be taken to promote the deployment of these technologies between now and 2030. These technologies have been selected for their high decarbonization potential by 2030, but also, for the most part, for their direct contribution to increasing France's energy security - in particular by replacing fossil fuels, reducing energy consumption and reindustrializing the country's regions. Large-scale deployment of these technologies would avoid 15% of CO₂ emissions and 16% of gas consumption per year by 2030. The study highlights 16 key technologies with a high potential for decarbonization, strategic autonomy and a deployment speed capable of making them operational by 2030. The study assesses the current state of each of these technologies in France, and makes recommendations on the actions needed to deploy them on a large scale in the fields of energy, industry, buildings, mobility and agriculture: New-generation solar power (heterojunction and tandem technology); Floating wind power; Electrolyzers (focus on alkaline and Proton Exchange Membrane); Long-term stationary electricity storage; Power grids; Heating and cooling networks; Bio-sourced concrete; Alternatives to clinker and CCUS (Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage) for cement; Decarbonized steel; Alternative fuels: solid biomass and solid recovered fuels; Chemical recycling of plastics; Extensive renovation of commercial buildings; Aerothermal, hybrid and surface geothermal heat pumps; Advanced sustainable fuels; Li-ion batteries (or competitive equivalent) for electric vehicles; Organic fertilizers and biostimulants