Facile fabrication of hierarchical micro-meso-macro porous metal oxide with high photochemical and electrochemical performances

A feasible route with a dual-templating method including both ice and SiO₂ hard templates to fabricate hierarchical porous TiO₂ with micro-, meso-, and macro-pores from inorganic/organic metal oxo cluster precursors is proposed. As-prepared TiO₂ shows high photocatalytic activity and excellent electrochemical performances. The current strategy can be applied to fabrication of a broad range of metal oxide materials for catalysis and energy related applications.