Fire dynamics simulation of large multi-story buildings Case study: Umm Al-Qura university campus

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is used to predict the fire dynamics in some main buildings of the campuses of Umm Al-Qura University using the Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS). Important aspects of fire dynamics such as smoke propagation and temperature distribution were investigated. The study contributes in reducing the risks of fires by early prediction of the expected scenarios of fires and associated smoke movement. Hence, early evacuation plans can be established by authorities such as the civil defense. It was found that emergency openings (vents) in the ceiling or side walls that operate in cases of fire, according to appropriate sensors, have a significant role in directing the smoke outside the building. Based on the study, interesting conclusions are drawn and fruitful recommendations/suggestions are introduced. A simple smoke control-scheme is recommended to minimize smoke hazards.