Study of charge correlation for Z ≤ 2 obtained in Au+Au collisions with incident energy from 150 up to 400 MeV/A. FOPI detector is used

In the first part of this work we present what information can be driven from heavy ion collision studies and what can be expected from the state equation of nuclear matter. We introduce the notion of centrality and the concept of spectator-participant. The different models of collisions are reviewed. The theory of correlations between light particles is used as a tool to predict some results about the shape and population density of theoretical spectra.The Coulomb model which implies a thermal interpretation of heavy ion collisions is modified in order to take excited states into account and to reproduce the collective phenomena of flow and squeeze-out. Within the frame of this modified Coulomb model 3 notions of nuclear temperature are compared. A discussion is lead to find out the temperature of nuclear matter at the very moment of fragmentation. (A.C.)