Transport of velocity alignment particles in random obstacles

We numerically investigate the trapping behaviors of aligning particles in two-dimensional (2D) random obstacles system. Under the circumstances of the effective diffusion rate and the average velocity tend to zero, particles are in trapped state. In this paper, we examine how the system parameters affect the trapping behaviors. At the large self-propelled speed, the ability of nematic particles escape from trapping state is enhancing rapidly, in the meanwhile the polar and free particles are still in trapped state. For the small rotation diffusion coefficient, the polar particles circle around (like vortices) the obstacles and here particles are in trapped state. Interestingly, only the partial nematic particles are trapped in the confined direction and additional particles remain flowing. In the free case, the disorder particle–particle collisions impede the motion in each other's directions, leading the free particles to be trapped. At the large rotation diffusion coefficient, the ordered motion of aligning particles disappear, particles fill the sample evenly and are self-trapped around obstacles. As the particles approach the trapping density due to the crowding effect the particles become so dense that they impede each other's motion. With the increasing number of obstacles, the trajectories of particles are blocked by obstacles, which obstruct the movement of particles. It is worth noting that when the number of the obstacles are large enough, once the particles are trapped, the system is permanently absorbed into a trapped state. (paper)