Insights into the Lurking Structures and Related Intraplate Earthquakes in the Region of Bay of Bengal Using Gravity and Full Gravity Gradient Tensor

Comprehension of subsurface structures buried under thick sediments in the region of Bay of Bengal is vital as structural features are the key parameters that influence or are caused by the subsurface deformation and tectonic events like earthquakes. Here, we address this issue using the integrated analysis and interpretation of gravity and full gravity gradient tensor with few seismic profiles available in the poorly known region. A 2D model of the deep earth crust–mantle is constructed and interpreted with gravity gradients and seismic profiles, which made it possible to obtain a visual image of a deep seated fault below the basement associated with thick sediments strata. Gravity modelling along a NE–SW profile crossing the hypocentre of the earthquake of 21 May 2014 (M_w 6.0) in the northern Bay of Bengal suggests that the location of intraplate normal dip fault earthquake in the upper mantle is at the boundary of density anomalies, which is probably connected to the crustal fault. We also report an enhanced structural trend of two major ridges, the 85°E and the 90°E ridges hidden under the sedimentary cover from the computed full gravity gradients tensor components.