Observation of the Z mode with DE 1 and its analysis by three-dimensional ray tracing

Certain Z mode wave emissions in the Earth's magnetosphere have been identified using the wave spectra and polarization measurements of the DE 1 satellite. Although such emissions accompany the aurora, and thus presumably originate from the evening-sector auroral zone, they are found to occur over much wider ranges of latitude and longitude. Since the predicted cyclotron maser emission at the cyclotron frequency could not have produced waves which travel such great distances, as the authors have shown by three-dimensional ray tracing, it is proposed instead that these emissions must originate from lower altitudes within the auroral zone and probably from near the plasma frequency inside the auroral plasma cavity