A multi-length bunch design for electron storage rings with odd buckets

A scheme with two superconducting RF cavities is designed to upgrade electron storage rings with odd buckets to multi-length bunches. In this paper, the Hefei Light Source Ⅱ (HLS Ⅱ) is given as an example for odd buckets. As it is designed for 45 buckets, which is a multiple of 3, simultaneous generation of three different lengths of bunches is proposed with the presently applied user optics. The final result, without low-α optics, is to fill HLS Ⅱ with long bunches of length 50 ps, medium bunches of 23 ps and short bunches of 6 ps. Every third bucket can be filled with short bunches, of which the current limit is up to 6.6 mA, more than 60 times the limit for low-α mode. Moreover, particle tracking simulations to examine the beam dynamics, performed by ELEGANT, and calculations of the beam instabilities are presented in this paper. (authors)