Published February 16, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article

Automatic hermiticity for mixed states

  • 1. Faculty of Education, Ibaraki University, Bunkyo 2-1-1, Mito 310-8512 (Japan)

Description

We previously proposed a mechanism to effectively obtain, after a long time development, a Hamiltonian being Hermitian with regard to a modified inner product IQ that makes a given non-normal Hamiltonian normal by using an appropriately chosen Hermitian operator Q. We studied it for pure states. In this letter we show that a similar mechanism also works for mixed states by introducing density matrices to describe them and investigating their properties explicitly both in the future-not-included and future-included theories. In particular, in the latter, where not only a past state at the initial time TA but also a future state at the final time TB is given, we study a couple of candidates for it, and introduce a "skew density matrix" composed of both ensembles of the future and past states such that the trace of the product of it and an operator O matches a normalized matrix element of O. We argue that the skew density matrix defined with IQ at the present time t for large TB − t and large t − TA approximately corresponds to another density matrix composed of only an ensemble of past states and defined with another inner product IQJ for large t − TA.

Availability note (English)

Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptad025; Available from http://repo.scoap3.org/records/76447

Additional details

Identifiers

Publishing Information

Journal Title
Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Journal Volume
2023
Journal Issue
3
Journal Page Range
11 p.
ISSN
2050-3911

Optional Information

Copyright
Copyright (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Physical Society of Japan.
Notes
PUBLISHER-ID: ptad025; OAI: oai:repo.scoap3.org:76447