Realization of commercial high strength HEPA filters

HEPA-filter media though having excellent particle removal efficiencies, remain characterized as rather brittle, fragile and weak materials. As a result, undesired structural damage followed by significant losses in filtration efficiency can easily occur in handling, transport, and even normal operation of filter units. In recent years extensive investigations into the structural limits of HEPA filters in dry air and under extended exposure to high humidity airflow have been carried out. In the course of this work the failure modes and the underlying failure mechanisms were thoroughly studied. On the basis of the information obtained, considerable improvements in the structural strength of HEPA filters could be achieved. As verified by removal efficiency tests, differential pressures up to 56kPa in dry air and 15kPa after extended operation under fog conditions were proven to be sustainable without mechanical damage to the filter medium. In cooperation with three major European filter manufacturers the know-how gained has been transferred into practical application through development of commercially available high-strength filter units. Three new KWU (Siemens-Kraftwerksunion) nuclear power plants in Germany have already been fully equipped with HEPA filters of this improved design. The German licensing authorities are now considering modifications of their requirement specifications to reflect the increased strength of the new filter units