Ultrasensitive and easily reproducible biosensor based on novel doped MoS2 nanowires field-effect transistor in label-free approach for detection of hepatitis B virus in blood serum

Highlights: • HBV DNA FET biosensor in label free and easily reproducible setup was fabricated. • Biosensor was materialized by novel ZnO (NPs) doped MoS₂ NWs through VLS technique. • Device showed sensitivity at 1 fM LOD with response time of 25 s with 96% stability. • Device diagnosed DNA targets in a linear concentration range from 0.5 pM to 50 μM. • FET device showed the high specificity by discriminating two different human samples. An ultrasensitive field-effect transistor (FET) for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) detection in label free approach and easily reproducible setup was reported. The fabricated FET biosensor was materialized by ZnO doped MoS₂ nanowires (NWs). This report introduced a novel structure of the MoS₂ in bio-sensing approach. Because of unique electrical and structural properties of MoS₂, HBV biosensor could demonstrate the high sensitivity and showed the detection limit of 1 fM. The MoS₂ NWs fabrication was materialized through ZnO based vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique. The fabricated device could measure the DNA targets in a linear concentration range from 0.5 pM to 50 μM. The dynamic response time of FET biosensor was 25 s. The functionality of the NWs biosensor for label-free measurements could be repeated for several times without any significant malfunction and biosensor could retain 96% of its initial response after eight weeks maintenance. The HBV biosensor showed high selectivity by discrimination the complementary DNA oligonucleotides from non-complementary and the mismatch (1, 2 and 3 bases) oligonucleotides. The materialized platform was desirably reproduced for HBV concentrations in human serum. The specificity of the biosensor was evaluated against several different types of DNAs and the fabricated device showed the outstanding performance. In order to optimize the device functionality, the biosensor was checked for two different human samples and device could distinguish the samples from each other in the same manner.