Pericardium - radiological diagnostics

Evaluation of the pericardium using the capabilities of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains one of the last requests to the radiologists within the spectrum of cardiac diagnostics. New technical developments in CT and MRI improve diagnostic acuracy in diagnosing pericardial disease and help to define adequate therapeutic management. The purpose of this article is to review the diagnostic possibilities of the radiologist in pericardial diseases with emphasis on CT and MRI. The anatomy of the normal pericadium including preicardial recessus and sinuses is reviewed followed by a brief discussion of congential abnormalities. Particular attention is paid to acquired pericardial diseases including the potential characterization of pericardial effusions. Pericardial thickening and pericardial constrictions are discussed and the differentiation between pericardial constriction and restrictive cardiomyopathy is highlighted because of the therapeutic implications. Finally a brief review of primary and metastatic pericardial tumours is given. (orig.)