DNS of heat transfer in turbulent and transitional channel flow obstructed by rectangular prisms

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of heat transfer in a channel flow obstructed by rectangular prisms has been performed for Reτ = 80-20, where Reτ is based on the friction velocity, the channel half width and the kinematic viscosity. The molecular Prandtl number is set to be 0.71. The flow remains unsteady down to Reτ = 40 owing to the disturbance induced by the prism. For Reτ = 30 and 20, the flow results in a steady laminar flow. In the vicinity of the prism, the three-dimensional complex vortices are generated and heat transfer is enhanced. The Reynolds number effect on the time-averaged vortex structure and the local Nusselt number are investigated. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement is discussed. In addition, the mean flow parameters such as the friction factor and the Nusselt number are examined in comparison with existing DNS and experimental data