Clitorea ternatea-mediated silver nanoparticle-doped hydroxyapatite derived from cockle shell as antibacterial material

Highlights: • Clitorea ternatea mediated Silver Nanoparticles-doped Hydroxyapatite (Ag/HAcs) derived from Cockle shell was prepared. • AgNPs in situ incorporation into hydroxyapatite structure was conducted by hydrothermal method. • Homogenous dispersed AgNPs with particle size of 4–12 nm in the composite was obtained. • Ag/HAcs exhibits the antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. The development of an antibacterial scaffold matrix of silver nanoparticle-doped hydroxyapatite using cockle shell as biogenic calcium (Ag/HAcs) has been performed. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were green synthesized using microwave-assisted bioreduction of Ag⁺ using Clitoria ternatea flower extract and the coprecipitation of Ca with an ammonium phosphate precursor at the reaction condition of Ag/[Ag + Ca] ratio = 0.2 and [Ca + Ag]/P = 1.67 was set up. The dispersed AgNPs in the nanocomposite with size ranging at 4–12 nm was obtained, and the nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial catalytic performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes).