Percutaneous cryoablation for the normal lung evaluated in rabbits: a radiologic-pathologic correlation

To assess the CT and histological findings after cryoablation in the normal lung of rabbits. After performing chest CT on rabbits, we inserted a cryoneedle toward the lower lobe of the right lung. We performed percutaneous cryoablation that was composed of freeze-thaw-freeze cycles (25 minutes) for group 1 animals and one cycle of variable freezing time (10-20 minutes) for group 2 animals. We measured the longest (D1) and shortest diameter (Ds) of the ablated zones that were determined after cryoablation for all of the CT images. After cryoablation, we performed a pathological examination. The mean D1 and Ds of the ablated zone was 28.1 ± 3.9 mm and 16 ± 1.6 mm, respectively, for group 1 rabbits. For group 2 rabbits, the mean D1 and Ds was 28.7 ± 6.3 mm and 14.4 ± 3.8 mm, respectively, for one cycle of 20 minutes freezing time. Based on the histological findings, the ablated zone was composed of a necrotic, hemorrhagic, and inflammatory area, in order from the center to the outside. Although each area was well differentiated in group 1 rabbits, only freezing for one cycle of 20 minutes for the group 2 rabbits gave the same results as for the group 1 rabbits. A total freezing time of at least 20 minutes and two more freeze-thaw-freeze cycles might be important factors for providing a sufficient area of the ablated zone and uniform necrosis during cryoablation