Tailoring giant magnetoimpedance effect of Co-based microwires for optimum efficiency by self-designed square-wave pulse current annealing

Herein, we systematically studied the effect of a novel square-wave pulse current annealing (SPCA) on the magnetic properties and microstructure of Co-based melt-extracted amorphous wires, and efficiently tailored the related experimental parameters by using numerical calculation of transient temperature rise during SPCA process. We obtained the optimal SPCA treatment (at 50 Hz, with amplitude of 90 mA for 480 s) can remarkably enhance the GMI property of as-prepared wires. At 10 MHz, the maximum GMI ratio [ΔZ/Z₀]_max and maxima response sensitivity ξ_max of SPCA-treated wire increases to 202.60% and 305.74%/Oe, which is nearly two times and 1.5 times of 104.80% and 208.14%/Oe for as-cast wire, respectively. Especially, at 5 MHz, [ΔZ/Z₀]_max of SPCA-treated wire increases to 185.81%, which is 2.5 times of 73.69% for as-cast wire, and ξ_max of SPCA-treated wire increases to 346.65%/Oe by less than two times of 190.16%/Oe for as-cast wire. From mictrostructural perspective, the notably observed role of atomic order orientation regimes and circular magnetic domain during stress releasing or structural relaxation by the co-action of high-density pulse magnetic field energy and thermal activation energy determines the optimum efficiency of SPCA, further to enhance circumferential permeability. In conclusion, SPCA treatment is expected to effectively improve GMI property of microwires, which can be used as sensitive materials for potential sensor application in detecting weak magnetic field. - Highlights: • Annealing parameters are optimized by transient temperature rising calculation. • SPCA as a novel annealing treatment has larger GMI ratio and field sensitivity. • GMI effect is generally related to annealed microstructures identified by XRD. • Domain observed by MFM to explain the enhanced GMI property for SPCA-ed wires. • Results indicate SPCA-ed wires are useful for potential GMI sensor applications