Ukraine, country report

Digital Instrumentation and control (I and C) systems are as more and more widely adopted from year in Ukraine instead of analog systems used earlier under modernization of operating NPP as well as under construction of new NPP Rovno 4 and Khmelnitsky 2 . During last five years a lot of digital systems for all units of WWER-1000 and both units of WWER-440 (e.g. computer information systems, digital regulators, control rod systems, safety parameter display systems) were implemented. Even at Unit 3 of Chernobyl NPP closed in December 2000, some modernization with use of digital systems was carried out two years before the closing. Systems designed not only (not so much) by Ukrainian manufacturers, but also by manufacturers from other countries (USA, France, Czech Republic, Russia, Germany) are and will be used at Ukrainian NPPs. Wide use of digital systems for NPP safety applications resulted in necessity of creation of standard base and principles of licensing process realization