Boiling phenomena with the surfactant and nanoparticles

It has been known that critical heat flux(CHF) in pool boiling is often enhanced when nanoparticles are dispersed in the conventional fluid. But it is unclear that how to change the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during pool boiling. Some researcher reported studies about enhancement of HTC. Opposed results are reported. And several papers have shown little enhancement. On the other hand, addition of small amount of surfactants in water can enhance the HTC. That is the reason that these surfactants cause the surface tension depression. This leads to increase of rate of formation of vapor nuclei in the boiling. However, because vigorous generation of bubbles interrupts the presence of the surfactant on the heat surface, the surfactants have little effect on the CHF. In this work, we treated the effect of fluid mixture with surfactant and nanoparticles during the boiling. This present paper is aimed that advantages of critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient enhancement are satisfied at the same time. Additionally, we expect that it is possible to make the fluid with high thermal conductivity and low viscosity by mixing the surfactant and nanofluid. But it is not covered in this work