Optimization of radiation protection

The basic concept of 'As Low As Reasonably Achievable' is explained. It takes linear non-threshold dose-effect relationship as a prudent assumption, but its application are not strictly limited to this case. Cost-benefit analysis and impementation of quantitative optimization are discussed. It is emphasized that cost-benefit analysis should be based on sound cost effectiveness analysis. The importance of the capability of prediciting the collective dose due to a specified operation and feed back from operators to designers are pointed out. The critical value α of the specific cost is discussed. The limitations of the suggestion that a lower limit of α should be proportional to the gross national product per capita is explained as it comes from a simple pure economic consideration. Attemps to adopt such value is citicized. Some functional relationship between cost and effectiveness are examined