Adaptive test of independence based on HSIC measures

The Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) is a dependence measure based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces that is widely used to test independence between two random vectors. Remains the delicate choice of the kernel. In this work, we develop a new HSIC-based aggregated procedure which avoids such a kernel choice, and provide theoretical guarantees for this procedure. To achieve this, on the one hand, we introduce non-asymptotic single tests based on Gaussian kernels with a given bandwidth, which are of prescribed level. Then, we aggregate several single tests with different bandwidths, and prove sharp upper bounds for the uniform separation rate of the aggregated procedure over Sobolev balls. On the other hand, we provide a lower bound for the non-asymptotic minimax separation rate of testing over Sobolev balls, and deduce that the aggregated procedure is adaptive in the minimax sense over such regularity spaces. Finally, from a practical point of view, we perform numerical studies in order to assess the efficiency of our aggregated procedure and compare it to existing tests in the literature. (authors)