Effect of therapeutic diet on age related macular degeneration

To evaluate the relationship between dietary intake and the risk of Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Methodology: This hospital based, observational interventional study was conducted, in the Departments of Ophthalmology of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, and PNS Hafeez Naval Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from February 2014 to February 2015. A total of 106 patients, aged 60-82 years, 42 males and 64 females, with AMD were included in the study. Those with visual impairment due to Cataract, Glaucoma, Pseudophakia, and Vitreous Degeneration were excluded. The patients were provided a Therapeutic Diet Chart, for daily intake for a minimum period of 4 months, comprising of nutrients rich in Antioxidants- Vitamins (Carotenoids, Vitamins C, E, Leutin and Zeaxanthin) and Mineral (Zinc), according to RDA and Food Consumption Table, as per National Academy of Sciences, Washington, USA. Results: On observation of the 106 patients eye examination by Snellen Chart, it was observed, that 48 patients had shown visual improvement by 2-3 lines and in 58 patients, there was no further deterioration. Conclusion: Eating a healthy diet to include more fruits and green leafy vegetables, choosing healthy unsaturated fats, eating whole grain rather than refined grains, not smoking, maintaining blood pressure and weight at normal levels, and engaging in regular exercise can be helpful in prevention of macular degeneration. (author)