High efficiency

The surgeon wants to have phlebograms with good contrast, which should show only the deep venous system and leaks to the superficial system, that means, the insufficient communicating veins and the inflow of the big and small saphenous vein into the deep vein must be visible. The most frequent causes for X-ray-prints of bad quality are: a too high position of the stowing, too high puncture at the back of the foot, bad focussing without showing the ankle joint or the popliteal region and too narrow sections of the X-ray-films as well as too late exposures with fullfilling of the total superficial venous system and extreme superposition on the film. (orig.)