Published August 1963
| Version v1
Book
Estimation of the Direct Contribution of Meteoric Water to River Waters by Means of Fall-Out Radiocaesium and Radiostrontium
Creators
- 1. Tokyo Kyoku University and Meteorological Research Institute, Tokyo (Japan)
- 2. National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan)
Description
It may be of interest to determine the ratio of direct contribution of meteoric water to river water. We used as radioactive tracers Cs137 and Sr90 in river water originating from fall-out to estimate the above ratio. Ten representative rivers in Japan were chosen: Ishikari (Hokkaido), Mogami, Kitakami, Shinano, Tone, Kiso, Yodo, Asahi (Honshu), Yoshino (Shikoku) and Chikugo (Kyushu). Sampling of water was undertaken during the period from the end of July to early August 1961. The sampling site of each river was selected to avoid industrial contamination and inflowing sea water. Each 100-1 sample was collected at three stations traversing a river. After adding a carrier of 100 mg each of stable caesium and strontium, water was passed through a cation-exchang e column (Dowex 50W-X8, 50-100 mesh, Na-form, 500 ml) to fix caesium and strontium in the resin. Caesium and strontium were eluted with a 5% solution of oxalic acid followed by 3 N hydrochloric acid, and they were determined in the latter fraction. Sr90 was separated by a fuming nitric acid method. Beta counting was done on its daughter, yttrium-90, after milking. Radiocaesium was adsorbed on ammonium molybdophosphate followed by purification by means of passage through a type of phenol-sulphonic acid cation-exchange resin. Beta activity was measured in the form of perchlorate. The average value of Cs137 and Sr90 in the water of ten rivers was 0. 035 pc/1 and 0. 2 pc/1 respectively, while those in meteoric water were 2 and 0.7 pc/1, respectively, at that time. Since Cs137 which is one brought into contact with soil is difficult to remove, it may be said that most of the Cs137 in river water results from the direct pouring of rain water into rivers. Under this assumption, one finds that the direct contribution of metoric water to river waters, was 1.7%. Using this value, the rate of leaching of Sr90 accumulated in the soil is on the order of 1.5%/yr. (author)
Abstract (French)
Il peut etre interessant d'evaluer en pourcentage la contribution directe des precipitations au debit des cours d'eau. A cet effet, les auteurs ont utilise comme indicateurs le 137Cs et le 90Sr provenant des retombees radioactives. Ils ont choisi 10 cours d'eau caracteristiques du Japon, savoir : Isikai (Hokkaido) , Mogami, Kitakami, Shinano, Tone, Kiso, Yodo, Asahi (Hondo), Yoshino, (Shikoku) et Chikugo (Kyu-shu). Les echantillons d'eau ont ete preleves fin juillet et debut aout 1961. Sur chaque riviere, on avait choisi les lieux d'echantillonnage de maniere a eviter toute contamination d'origine industrielle et l'afflux eventuel d'eau de mer. Pour obtenir chaque echantillon de 100 litres, on a preleve de l'eau en trois endroits differents pris dans toute la largeur du cours d'eau. Apres addition d'un entraineur -100 mg de cesium et 100 mg de strontium stable par echantillon - on a fait passer l'eau sur une colonne cationique (Dowex 50-X8, maille 50-100, forme sodique, 500 ml) pour fixer le cesium et le strontium sur la resine. On a elue le cesium et le strontium a l'aide d'une solution d'acide oxalique a 5%, puis d'une solution d'acide chlorhydrique 3 N, et on les a mesures dans cette derniere fraction. On a separe le 90Sr par la methode de l'acide nitrique fumant, puis extrait son produit de filiation, l'yttrium-90, sur lequel on a procede au comptage beta. Le radiocesium a ete adsorbe par du phosphomolybdate d'ammonium, et ensuite purifie par filtration au moyen d'une resine cationique a base d'acide phenolsulfonique. On a mesure l'activite beta sous forme de perchlorate. Pour les 10 cours d'eau consideres, la teneur moyenne des eaux en 137Cs et 90Sr s'elevait respectivement a 0,035 et 0,2 picocurie/1, alors que les valeurs correspondantes pour les precipitations etaient a la meme epoque de 2 et 0,7 picocuries/1. Comme le 137Cs, une fois entre en contact avec le sol, s'en separe difficilement, on peut considerer que la majeure partie du 137Cs contenu dans les eaux fluviales, .provient de la chute directe de pluie dans le cours d'eau. En partant de cette hypothese, on a trouve que la contribution directe des precipitations au debit des rivieres etait au maximum de 1,7%. En utilisant cette valeur, on a admis que le taux de lixiviation du 90Sr accumule dans le sol etait de l'ordre de 1,5% par an. (author)Abstract (Spanish)
Los autores estiman interesante determinar la razon aportacion directa de agua meteorica: caudal de un rio. Para calcularla, han utilizado como indicadores el 137Cs y el 90Sr presentes en las aguas fluviales y provenientes de las precipitaciones radiactivas. Han seleccionado los 10 rios siguientes, caracteristicos del Japon: Ishikari (isla de Hakkaido), Mogami, Kitakami, Shinano, Tone, Kiso, Yodo, Asahi (Honshu), Yoshino (isla de Shikoku) y Chikugo (isla de Kyushu). Recogieron las muestras de agua entre fines de julio y principios de agosto de 1961. Para efectuar el muestreo, seleccionaron lugares exentos de contaminacion por residuas industriales y aguas de mar. Las muestras, de 1001 cada una, fueron recogidas en tres puntos situados en sentido perpendicular a la corriente del rio. Despues de anadir, como portadores, 100 mg de cesio y 100 mg de estroncio estables, el agua se hizo pasar a traves de una columna de intercambio catonico (500 mi de Dowex 50W-X8, de 50 a 100 mallas, forma sodica) para fijar el cesio y el estroncio en la resina. Estos dos elementos se eluyeron con una solucion de acido oxalico al 5% y, a continuacion, con acido clorhidrico 3 N y se determinaron en esta ultima fraccion. El 90Sr se separo por el metodo del acido nitrico fumante y el recuento beta se efectuo con su producto de filiacion, el itrio-90, despues de separarlo periodicamente. El radiocesio se adsorbio en fosfomolibdato amonico y se purifico seguidamente haciendolo pasat por una resina de intercambio cationico del tipo de acido fenolsulfonico. La actividad beta se midio con el radiocesio en forma de perclorato. La concentracion media del 137Cs y del 90Sr, correspondiente a los 10 rios mencionados, fue de 0,035 picocuries/1 y de 0,2 picocuries/1, respectivamente , mientras que en el agua meteorica era, en la misma epoca, de 2 picocuries y de 0,7 picocuries/1, respectivamente. Como una vez que el 137Cs entra en contacto con el suelo, es dificil de separar, puede considararse que la mayor parte del 137Cs presente en el agua de los rios se debe a la aportacion directa de las aguas pluviales. Con arreglo a esta hipotesis, se ha obtenido un valor maximo de 1,77o para la aportacion directa del agua meteorica al caudal de los rios. Aplicando este valor, se ha calculado una velocidad de infiltracion del s0Sr acumulado en el suelo de anual, aproximadamente. (author)Abstract (Russian)
Dlya opredeleniya neposredstvennogo popadaniya dozhdevoj vody v byli ispol'zovany v kachestve indikatorov Cs''1''3''7 i Sr''9''0, popavshie v reku v rezul'tate vyp radioaktivnykh osadkov. S ehtoj tsel'yu byli izbrany 10 kharakternykh rek Yaponii, a imenno: Isikari (o-v KHokkajdo mi, Kitakami, Sinano, Tone, Kiso, Jodo, Asakhi (o-v KHonsyu), Iosino (o-v Sikoku) i Tikugo (o-v Kyu syu). Obraztsy vody bralis' v period - konets iyulya nachalo avgusta 1961 goda. Otbor prob vod kazhdoj reke proizvodilsya tak, chtoby isklyuchit' popadanie promyshlennykh zagryaznenij i morskoj vody. Kazhdye 100 l, bravshiesya v kachestve obraztsa, zabiralis' na trekh stantsiyakh, peremeshchavshikhsya po reke. Posle togo, kak v vodu dobavlyalsya nositel', soderzhashchij po 100 mg stabil'nykh tseziya i strontsiya, voda propuskalas' cherez kationoobmennuyu kolonnu(Dowe x 50W-X8, 50 - 100 yacheek, tip-Na, 500 ml) s tem, chtoby vydelit' tsezij i strontsij s pomoshch'yu 5-protsentnogo rastvora shchavelevoj kisloty s sleduyushchej obrabotkoj v 3 N solyanoj kislote. Opredelenie proizvodilos' v poslednej fraktsii. Sr''9''0 byl otdelen metodom dymyashchej azotnoj kisloty. Schet beta-chastits byl proveden na ego dochernem izotope ittrij-EHO posle vydeleniya poslednego iz materinskogo veshchestva. Radiotsezij byl adsorbirovan na molibdenovokislom fosfate ammoniya s posleduyushchej ochistkoj propuskaniem cherez ionoobmennuyu smolu. tipa fenolsul'fokisloty . Beta-aktivnost ' izmeryalas' na obraztse v vide soli khlornoj kisloti. Srednie kontsentratsii Cs''1''3''7 i Sr90 v vodakh desyati rek okazalis' ravnymi sootvetstvenno 0,035 i 0,2 mkmkkyuri/l, togda kak ehti velichiny v dozhdevoj vode sostavlyali 2 i 0,7mkmkkyuri/l v to zhe samoe vremya. Poskol'ku Cs''1''3''7, odnazhdy popavshij v pochvu, izvlech' ottuda trudno, to mozhno skazat', chto bol'shaya chast' Cs''1''3''7, nakhodyashchegosya v rechkoj vode, yavlyaetsya rezul'tatom neposredstvennogo popadaniya dozhdevoj vody v reki. Iskhodya iz ehtogo predpolozheniya, mozhno utverzhdat', chto maksimal'noe kolichestvo dozhdevoj vody, popadayushchej v reki neposredstvenno , ravno 1,7. Ispol'zuya ehtu velichiny, avtory vyvodyat normu vyshchelachivaniya Sr90, akkumulirovannog o v pochve, ravnuyu primerno 1,5% v god. (author)Additional details
Additional titles
- Original title (English)
- Evaluation de la contribution directe des precipitations au debit des eaux fluviales, a l'aide du radiocesium et du radiostrontium provenant des retombees; Opredelenie neposredstvennogo popadaniya dozhdevoj vody v rechnuyu na osnove vypadeniya radaktivnykh tseziya i strontsiya.; Calculo de la aportacion directa del agua me teorica a las aquas fluviales basado en el radiocesio y radioestroncio contenidos en las precipitaciones
Publishing Information
- Publisher
- IAEA
- Imprint Place
- Vienna (International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA))
- Imprint Title
- Radioisotopes in Hydrology. Proceedings of a Symposium
- Imprint Pagination
- 478 p.
- Series
- Proceedings Series
- Journal Page Range
- p. 425-431
- ISSN
- 0074-1884
Conference
- Title
- Symposium on the Application of Radioisotopes in Hydrology
- Dates
- 5-9 Mar 1963
- Place
- Tokyo (Japan)
INIS
- Country of Publication
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- Country of Input or Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- INIS RN
- 44053975
- Subject category
- S58: GEOSCIENCES;
- Resource subtype / Literary indicator
- Conference
- Descriptors DEI
- CESIUM; CESIUM 137; GROUND WATER; HYDROLOGY; ION EXCHANGE; LEACHING; NITRIC ACID; ORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS; OXALIC ACID; PHENOL; RAIN WATER; RESINS; RIVERS; SEAWATER; SOILS; STRONTIUM 90; TRACER TECHNIQUES; WATER POLLUTION; YTTRIUM 90
- Descriptors DEC
- ALKALI METALS; ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES; AROMATICS; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; CESIUM ISOTOPES; DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS; DISSOLUTION; ELEMENTS; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI; HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; INORGANIC ACIDS; INORGANIC COMPOUNDS; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI; ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS; ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES; ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS; ISOTOPES; MATERIALS; METALS; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; NUCLEI; ODD-EVEN NUCLEI; ODD-ODD NUCLEI; ORGANIC ACIDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC POLYMERS; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; PETROCHEMICALS; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS; PHENOLS; POLLUTION; POLYMERS; RADIOISOTOPES; SEPARATION PROCESSES; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES; SURFACE WATERS; WATER; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES; YTTRIUM ISOTOPES
Optional Information
- Notes
- 1 fig., 2 tabs., 7 refs.
- Secondary number(s)
- STI/PUB--71