The energy balance of nuclear reaction and KERMA factors

The unified Hauser-Feshbach and exciton model has been established, with which the continuum and discrete states in both equilibrium and pre-equilibrium reaction processes can be described in a unified approach. Based on this model the UNF code system for calculating nuclear reaction data has been developed. Now it has been widely used for nuclear data calculations and for the analysis of the experimental data. In the UNF code system the reactions induced by neutron, changed particles and gamma ray are involved. The angular momentum conservation and parity conservation are taken into account in whole reaction processes. In view of the recoil effect, as to the multi-particle emissions processes has not been considered fully in other models, the energy spectra for all of kinds multi-particle emission mechanism are derived in this report with fully energy balance. By means of this formula the energies carried by the outgoing particles can be obtained exactly. The problems of kerma factor calculations are discussed