On an entanglement measure in quantum physics: geometric aspects of density matrices

Full text: The study of entanglement would be justified simply by its theoretical interest, given that this phenomenon since its inception, casts important questions on the basis of a fundamental character of the building that is quantum mechanics. Moreover,the entanglement has been an indispensable ingredient in the field of quantum computing (processing and transmission of information) and also in condensed matter physics (in the understanding of quantum phase transitions). In this work we present and discuss some ways to characterize both quantitatively and qualitatively entanglement. In particular, we aim to introduce and apply the method developed by Dahl et al. [1]. This method determines the distance from the nearest separable state of the state of interest, since this distance may be used to measure the degree of entanglement of the system of interest. We consider a separable state by state with only classical correlations, i.e a non-entangled, non-separable states which are said entangled. Quantum entanglement has been shown, also, a very useful tool in the study of superconductivity. We aim to study the relationship between the phase transition of superconductivity and the spin entanglement of the Cooper pairs. [1] G. Dahl, J. M. Leinaas, J. Myrheim, and E. Ovrum. Linear Algebra and its application, 420:711-725, 2007 (author)