Nuclear analytical techniques at the IAEA's Seibersdorf laboratory

Selected nuclear analytical techniques utilized at the IAEA's Seibersdorf Laboratory for the determination of trace and essential elements in environmental and human health studies, monitoring environmental radioactivity, assessment of the nutrition and reproduction status of animals, verification of non-diversion of nuclear materials to non-peaceful uses and the implementation of the IAEA's Analytical Quality Control Services are reviewed. The techniques described are α-spectrometry, γ-spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis, liquid scintillation counting, radioimmunoassay, thermal ionization mass spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence and particle induced x-ray emission. When used in combination with chemical separations or pre-concentration procedures, they can offer the highest sensitivity attainable for the analytical determination of critical elements and radionuclides. At the IAEA's Seibersdorf Laboratory they are complemented by other instrumental techniques for elemental analysis such as mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and laser fluorimetry. Together they represent powerful analytical tools for the implementation of Agency's technical co-operation projects with developing countries, research programmes on application of nuclear techniques, radiation protection and the technical implementation of safeguards measures. Examples of applications in various areas are presented. (author)