Kinetic temperature relaxation and nonequilibrium fluctuations in two-dimensional Lennard–Jones systems during nonstationary heat transfer

The kinetic temperature fluctuations in two-dimensional Lennard–Jones systems are compared under equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The calculated relaxation times of the kinetic temperature to the steady state are of the order of 10⁻¹¹ s and their values decrease with the energy increasing. It is shown that the distribution functions of the relative fluctuations have the form of Gaussian type, the dispersion in a nonsteady state is more than in a steady one. The characteristic times of the fluctuations decay to the steady state levels are in agreement with the typical characteristic times of nonlocal molecular dynamics models describing nonstationary heat transfer. Graphical abstract:

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