Considerations about TENR due to non-nuclear mining and milling activities

Mining and processing activities dealing with mineral ores containing associated uranium and thorium series elements can make these radionuclides available in their products, byproducts and in the environment, leading to the enhancement of the exposure of the public to natural radiation. Niobium, phosphate, coal and gold plants have been selected as case studies, aiming to identify possible radiological impact sources during and after ceasing the operation on these units. The dose assessment results for present and future exposures scenarios confirm these mining industries as activities potentially enhancing exposure to natural radiation. Thus, the legislation for environmental licensing must be reviewed in order to take into account the potential environmental radiological impact caused by these activities, as well as the establishment of remediation procedures for waste storage areas in the existing sites. (author)