Heralded quantum gates for atomic systems assisted by the scattering of photons off single emitters

Quantum logic gates are essential in quantum information processing. Here, we propose three heralded schemes for universal quantum gates, including the controlled-NOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates on atomic systems, assisted by the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides. Interestingly, our schemes can turn faulty scattering processes of photons off atoms into the detection of the photon polarization. Furthermore, auxiliary atomic qubits are not needed and only one photon medium is adopted. With current technology, we discuss the feasibility of these universal quantum gates, concluding that they are feasible and scalable in solid-state quantum systems. We provide a different method for realizing universal quantum gates, and it may be useful in quantum information processing in the future.