Theoretical Prediction of Diamond Betavoltaic Batteries Performance Using ⁶³Ni

A diamond p–n junction is used to convert the decay energy of ⁶³ Ni source into electrical energy. The self-absorption effect of the ⁶³ Ni source, the backscatter process and the transport process of beta particles in diamond materials are studied. Then the theoretical maximum of electrical properties and the energy conversion efficiencies of diamond- ⁶³ Ni p–n junction batteries are achieved. Finally, a feasible design of p ⁺ p ⁻ n ⁺ junction battery, which has the maximum output power density of 0.42 μW/cm ² and the optimal device conversion efficiency of 26.8%, is proposed. (paper)