Changes of electrochemical properties of polypyrrole when synthesized in a room-temperature ionic liquid

The room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIM BF₄, was employed as electrolyte in the electrosynthesis of thin polypyrrole (PPy) films on a Pt substrate, and the resulting PPy electrodes were electrochemically characterized. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to comparatively investigate the electric behavior of PPy produced in the RTIL and the one produced in a traditional acetonitrile/lithium salt system, and charge–discharge curves in the range 2.0–4.0 V (vs. Li/Li⁺) were obtained in a 1.0 M LiBF₄ propylene carbonate solution. Although a reduction of the specific capacity for the PPy obtained in the RTIL was observed, compared to that of the PPy film synthesized in the acetonitrilic electrolyte, its chronopotentiometric profile presented a plateau in the 2.7 V region. This is a remarkable result, considering that a linear decrease in this profile is usually observed for the majority of conducting polymer cathodes. PPy films obtained in BMIM BF₄ presented globular morphology, with a special arrangement of nanoparticles constituting the globules; the EIS results indicated that this nanoscale structure may be contributing to a better definition of the redox characteristics during the PPy charge–discharge processes, as it happens for the well-organized structure of some metal oxides. - Highlights: • PPy was produced in an ionic liquid medium as active material for battery electrodes. • Discharge curves present a plateau not usual for conducting polymer electrodes. • RTIL used as synthesis electrolyte produced PPy with surface nanograins. • Morphological features explain the improved redox properties of PPy electrode. • Electrical properties of PPy grown in RTIL were accessed by impedance measurements