Effects of lead on the root hair zone development of beech seedlings

Lead belongs to the long-distance transported air pollutants. Thus it is found to accumulate even in forest soils. Acidification of the soil makes it more available for plants. Rising concentrations of lead in soil cause the following effects on the development of root systems of beech seedlings: the growth rates of main roots decrease, the development of root hairs is reduced and the lateral roots develop swollen tips. These symptoms indicate the beginning of damage to the root system. The consequence for the whole plant will be a loss of vitality and an increasing susceptibility to other stress factors. (orig.)