Influence of 90 deg. domain switching on the physical properties of tetragonal barium titanate single crystals

In this paper, we report the influence of 90 deg. domain switching on the physical properties of tetragonal BaTiO3 single crystals. It is found that the contribution of 90 deg. domain switching to the piezoelectric response is much larger in magnitude than the contribution of the direct piezoelectric effect under large external mechanical stress. Simultaneously, the interconversion of a and c crystallographic axes and the large actuation strain as high as 1% is induced by 90 deg. domain switching in the tetragonal BaTiO3 single crystal