Flux binding and superconductivity in the t-J model

A generalized slave-particle scheme is introduced to study the t-J model with nonlocal effects included. A charge-spin decoupled state is found in this scheme, in which the nonlocal gauge fields play a role of attaching fictitious quantized fluxes to the particles as an effective way to describe antiferromagnetic correlation. As a result, the gauge fluctuation is suppressed in the long-wavelength limit, which shows the stability of flux binding, and the electromagnetic response function of such a state exhibits the Meissner effect. An important consequence of the present approach is that the electron, as a combination of the charge and spin degrees of freedom, does not show time-reversal and parity-symmetry-broken behavior, in contrast to the usual anyon theory. This is consistent with experimental results. The robustness of this conclusion relies on the exactness of the constraint between the charge and spin degrees of freedom as well as the flux binding condition. We also calculate the momentum distribution of electrons, which shows a characteristic scale equal to the Fermi momentum kf