The separation nozzle process for enrichment of uranium-235

The separation nozzle process for the enrichment of U235 has been developed at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center as an alternative to the gaseous diffusion and centrifuge processes. Isotope separation is achieved by the same basic mechanism as in the centrifuge method. However, the serious mechanical problems of highly stressed rotating machines are avoided, since, in the nozzle method, the centrifugal separating forces are generated by the deflection of a high speed jet of uranium hexafluoride and a light auxiliary gas. Since 1970, the German company STEAG, has been involved in the technological development and commercial implementation of the nozzle process. In 1975, the Brazilian company, NUCELBRAS, and the German company, INTERATOM, joined the effort. The primary objective of the common activity is the construction of a separation nozzle demonstration plant with an annual capacity of about 200 t SWU. This paper covers the basic features and the most important steps in the technological development of the new process. (author)