M-shell ionization cross sections by proton impact on gold in the binary-encounter approximation

The M-subshell ionization cross sections by proton impact on gold have been calculated in the binary-encounter approximation. The momentum distribution of target electron is estimated nonrelativistically and relativistically by the use of the hydrogenic model and the Hartree–Fock method. The obtained subshell ionization cross sections are converted into the M-X-ray production cross sections and compared with experimental data and other theoretical calculations. The electronic relativistic effect and the wave-function effect on M-shell ionization cross sections are discussed